Navigation systems are used when planning your route before your trip and when you need help orienting yourself in your surroundings during your activity. Know how to use a topographical or relief map as well as your compass or GPS unit before going out.
Sun protection is necessary to protect your skin and yeyes against harsh UV rays responsible for sub burns and skin cancer. Consider using sunglasses, sunscreen, and hats.
Nature is unpredictable. Be prepared for sudden changes in weather conditions. Pack an extra layer of clothing that reflects the most extreme conditons you could encounter.
Lighting is indispensible in the outdoors where no conventional light sources can be found. Items include a flashlights, lanterns, and headlamps. Be sure to pack extra batteries.
Be prepared for emergencies by packing first aid supplies. Start with a pre-made kit and modify it as needed. Check expiration dates on all items and replace them as needed.
Fire can be an emergency signal and a heat source for cooking and staying warm. Pack matches (preferably waterproof) and fire starters - items that can catch fire quickly and sustain a flame (e.g., a lighter).
Carry a basic repair kit with you. The kit should include items such as duct tape, a knife, and scissors. Consider packing a multitool and be sure to bring any tools specfic to your trip and your activity.
Pack an extra day's supply of food, preferably no-cook items that have good nutrtional value to keep your energy high. Salty and easy to digest snacks (e.g., trail mix, nuts, and granola bars) work well.
Physical activity increases your risk of dehydration, which can lead to negative health concequences. Drink water often and before you feel thirsty. Be sure to indentify whether there are any bodies of water at your destination that you could collect water from and treat.
Shelter is one the miost important elements during an emergency survival situation. A tent, tarp, bivy sack, or an emergency space blanket are all lightwight options for emergency shelter.